Ethnic and religious background and its impact on educational attainment, vocational Qualif
affects the heterogeneity of immigrants, among other things on educational attainment, professional qualifications and scored from employment income.
is While the standardized multivariate odds ratio for the indicator variable "low education" (ie no end, middle school or no indication of the degree) in the background of Russian immigrants (Russian Federation) 1.29 (95 % confidence interval 1.16 to 1.44), it is for immigrants from a country that can not be called at 8.82 (95% CI: 8.13 to 9.58), to mention only the two most numerous immigrant groups (Schaefer and Brückner 2009).
Thursday, October 21, 2010
Parakeets Favorite Birdbaths
The long-term foreign agent of the State of Berlin, says Barbara John, this, based on the situation in that State: "In Berlin they needed unskilled workers. Then we had the great immigration of refugees from Lebanon. A country that receives almost no qualifications only reaping what it has sown. It takes decades until it compensates for that. " They also emphasized that it should be differentiated: "For such as the Vietnamese do not have to intensive integration policy "(NN 2010).Cerci, F. (2010). "Kin-marriages." Retrieved 06.04.2010, fromWill not take the integration task or aborted, then this leads to isolation in the host society, and, to a larger social framework considered, the ghettoization, the formation of parallel and even counter-societies with their own law and norms. This onset of regressive foreclosure processes are frequently associated with excessive idealization of the native culture and radical devaluation of the host culture and their representatives such as teachers, judges, policemen and politicians in terms of a dual division, resulting in processing errors and mental trauma can result as the manifestation of previously latent remained neurotic or psychotic personality interests (Machleidt, 2007). Akkulturationsprobleme and conflicts of values and norms of the home country's lead among young immigrant from a country that can not be called to a higher rate of successful or attempted suicides. immigrants from non-European cultures seem particularly at risk of suffering from depressive disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders was a Dutch study found that older immigrants from Morocco twice as high (33.6%) and among older immigrants from a country that is not referred to may even 4 times as high (61.5%) than native Dutch (14.5%;. (van der Wurff, Beekman et al 2004)).
For Britain (England and Wales) with its much wider range of immigrants is extensive official statistics obtained from the Office for National Statistics of the Crown created. Large groups of immigrants are the closely related ethnic Indians (1,053,411 people), Pakistani (747 285 persons) and Bangladeshis (283 063 persons, data of April 2001, source =). If one accepts the corresponding unemployment rates as a measure of successful integration, we find the following numbers: Indians 7%, Pakistanis 14% and Bangladeshis 18%, total population 5%, the unemployment is inversely proportional to the percentage of members of a religion that is not to be named ( Indians 13%, 92% Pakistani, Bangladeshis also 92%). Tackey et al. see with the Pakistanis and Bangladeshis significant disadvantages in terms of their human capital (education and skills, experience in the primary labor market). A differentiated according to ethnic and religious breakdown of statistics from the Office for National Statistics reveals the following picture for the unemployment of men in Britain (England and Wales): white British (Christian) 5%, white British (members of a religion that is not to be named) 15%, other white (Christian) 6%, other White (members of a religion that is not called be) must 19%, mixed ethnic descent (Christian) 13%, mixed ethnicity (belonging to a religion that is not to be named) 20%, Indians (Christians) 7%, Indians (members of a religion that is not to be named ) 11%, and other Asians (Christians) 8%, other Asians (persons of a religion that is not to be named) 15% Black Africans (Christians) 16%, Black Africans (relatives a religion that is not to be named) 28%, other ethnic groups (Christians) 8%, other ethnic groups (members of a religion that can not be named) 20% (source =). The Herkunftsethnie therefore plays a certain role in career success of immigrants, on which the Indians best, cut the black Africans at the worst - but the unemployment rates in all ethnic groups in members of a religion that is not to be called, are significantly higher (at the 1, 5 - to 3.2-fold higher) than in the Christian members of the same ethnicity. It can therefore conclude that an affiliation to the religion that is not to be named, on Immigrants in Britain result in inferior professional integration.
A look at the former Immigration: On the basis of criteria such as language proficiency, education, occupation and income, then the largest group of immigrants from a country that can not be called integrated as the worst are. Other large groups such as immigrants from Poland, are from the Russian Federation and Asia much more integrated. According to some authors of the German population xenophobia, discrimination, racism and social disadvantage the causes of this situation (Kohlhammer 2010), while the other culture of a religion that is not to be named, is held responsible (Bawer 2009; Laqueur 2009). They argue, xenophobia and social disadvantage relate to all immigrants (Kohlhammer 2010).for consistently practitioners is the religion that is not to be named, not only a religion but an all areas of life comprehensive framework, based on the law of a religion that is not to be named, and a series of strict dualism (God - Human believers - believers, men - women allowed - forbidden, pure - impure), which appears to complicate a relationship in a diverse and pluralistic society. In some parts of the city itself to real parallel societies have developed. The City Council of Neukölln in Berlin was in 2004 states: "As representing migrants most of the Neukölln's population and the integration has failed in the German society on a broad front forms, is increasingly out a parallel society" and noted an "increasing change in terms of a religion that is not to be named , the old Neukölln. The majority of spouses are taken from the home country and even the potential marriage partners of their own ethnic group in the host country in preference (Kohlhammer 2010). Statistically, there is a connection between distinct orientation to a religion that is not to be named, social degradation and lack of integration (Air 2009). In addition to an extensive infrastructure with its own food stores, halal butchers, hairdressers, cafes and travel agencies are already the first self-styled Sharia judges to work in Berlin-Neukölln, settle disputes between members of a religion that must not be called to clarify the German judiciary by (Hedtke, 2008).
immigrants from sub-Saharan African countries and cultures of a religion that must not be called to bring the phenomenon of female genital circumcision, in which there is, according to the WHO for a mutilation (WHO - World Health Organization 1998), with possible serious health consequences (WHO - World Health Organization 1998) to Europe for the doctors and nurses need to be sensitized (Federal Medical Association 2005; NN 2008). occur with circumcision, the most serious injuries, psychological trauma can (Dirie, 2005), is the libido of the girls are reduced to ensure that they have sex before marriage (El Dawla 1999, Johnston 2008). Hereby also the idea of a sort of "purity" is linked to be acquired by circumcision. The tradition of female circumcision is not a genuine establishment of a religion that is not to be named, but was picked up by a religion that is not to be named, is now a significant Dimensions almost exclusively in countries with a religion that is not to be named, practiced (Johnston, 2008) - for example in Asia only in Yemen and Iraq.
Others point out that it is in many cultures practice male circumcision (the prepuce) is also a non-medically indicated surgery, ergo a personal injury concerns, which can lead to lasting health consequences, especially when this operation of medical laymen is performed (eg hairdressers). Affected are immigrants from a country that can not be called from the Middle East and Africa.Immigrants from cultures of a religion which may not be called, is found there by the widespread practice of marriage relatives increased malformation rate in the newborn. Many of these genetic disorders show an autosomal recessive trait. This is the reason why recessive hereditary diseases (eg, deaf-mutism, thalassemia, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase deficiency, galactosemia, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis, adrenogenital syndrome, albinism, Gaucher's disease) into because of the numerous consanguineous marriages families a country that can not be called, occur disproportionately often (Wöhrle 2007; Cerci 2010). A five-year British study in 1993 concluded that about 60 percent of the deaths and serious diseases could be prevented in children, "if the inbreeding would end." The researchers at the University of Birmingham had examined 000 children under 5, and it turned out that the mortality and morbidity risk in the offspring of consanguineous parents from a country that can not be named, was even increased threefold. Berlin doctors also have to do with the health risks associated with consanguineous marriages. Rolf Becker, the woman doctor, whose practice specializes in prenatal diagnosis on the Kurfürstendamm, speaks of an "explosive problem". In recent years he had 160 hours in his cousin-cousin-couples, 14 of which a child with "serious anomalies" got - after all, a rate of 8.5% (sve 2003; Wöhrle 2007).
For immigrants with a religion that must not be mentioned, the daughters are often signed out of school sports, which can lead to physical inactivity and obesity. In black African cultures and a religion that is not to be named, are belief in spirits, demons and witchcraft, and can spread in the assessment of the pathological processes play a role (Burgel 1991). Sometime in 2007, a senior religious scholar of religion, which must not be named, urine, the founder of the religion that is not to be named, was a universal remedy for many diseases (Azuri 2007). Hieraus ergeben sich zahlreiche Konfliktmöglichkeiten zur westlichen, wissenschaftlichen, auf Evidenz basierenden Medizin, besonders dann, wenn notwendige medizinische Behandlungen wegen „Geisterglauben“ abgelehnt werden.
Bei Jugendlichen mit Immigrationshintergrund finden sich häufiger Übergewicht und Adipositas als bei den Altersgenossen ohne Immigrationshintergrund (RKI - Robert Koch-Institut 2008). Weitergehende Analysen zeigten, dass der größte Anteil übergewichtiger Kinder mit Immigrationshintergrund aus Familien, die aus einem Land kommen, das nicht genannt werden darf, stammt (RKI - Robert Koch-Institut 2008). Ungünstige Mundhygiene, Mängel bei der Kariesprophylaxe and the tooth-healthy nutrition in children come from immigrant families from much more common. are counted according to the criteria of the German Association for Youth Dental Care (DAJ) had more than half of pupils from a country that can not be named (51.7%) to children with high caries risk.
Successful immigrants who work as doctors or nurses in the field of public health care demand, also the consideration of cultural or religious sensitivities. In the British health care, where many doctors and nurses and sisters from Pakistan and India work (including about 10 000 doctors and sisters who belong to a religion that is not to be named (Al-Alawi and Schwartz 2008)), consist, for example Sikhs on wearing at work the traditional bangles, members of a religion that is not to be mentioned is the uncovering of the forearms as immoral and there have been some desired disinfection of the hands without alcohol (Jumaa 2005; Allegranzi, Memish et al, 2009;.. Borg, Benbachir et al, 2009), resulting in conflicts with the primacy of hand hygiene and the prevention of nosocomial infections ( specifically MRSA and Clostridium difficile) may result (Jumaa 2005). The NHS is by changing the rules on hand hygiene, 26 March 2010 already on some of these claims have been received (NN 2010, NN 2010). Members of a religion that must not be named can now wear disposable plastic sleeves (disposable sleeves) and Sikhs do not have to take their bracelets, but they must be pushed up by contact with patient's arm.
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