Gates of Vienna
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Foreword by Baron Bodissey: Last month we published an excerpt from "Islam and the Dark Age of Byzantium" by John J. O'Neill
. Mr. O'Neill returns with an essay about the way Muslim piracy and brigandage influenced the Christian world far beyond the borders of the Mediterranean and the Middle East also.Over the last five years, I am in my capacity as co-carrier of information about the Muslim world reached the point that I regard Islam as an incarnation of the destroyer. For every Arab or every astrolabe treatise on geometry, it has a thousand - or a hundred thousand - Cases of murder, looting, torture, slavery and wanton destruction of something sublime or fair, where, outside of Islam arose.
Mr. O'Neill's essay makes me realize how far has the pernicious influence of Islam actually extends into the distance. The legacy of the Prophet is from the causeway at Tenochtitlan to the temples of Kerala and the beaches of Bali, from the coast of Iceland to the shores of Zanzibar. As the Muslim piracy, the world changed;
by John J. O'Neill
In my recently published book "Holy Warriors: Islam and the Demise of Classical Civilization", I argued that the arrival Islam in the middle of the seventh century, which ended the classical civilization of Greece and Rome and in fact initiated the Middle Ages. There I showed that the Muslim conquest of the Middle East and North Africa from the 630 model-year closed those areas to trade with Europe and that the subsequent depletion of the latter to the decline of urban centers led what had been the power plants of the classical culture. But it was not only the war that brought about this. After all, from the beginning of the story had appeared on the shores of the Mediterranean empires and gone, and yet with commercial and economic life continued. It is clear that this is not the rise of Islam took place. All trade between the Christian West (and the Christian East) and the newly Islamic East was definitely over. We know this for sure from the other by Heri Pirenne and raised data. Why did it happen? Prohibited the Caliph the merchants to trade with unbelievers trade?
The truth is far worse. One of the foundations of the Islamic faith was acceptable, even the duty, that Muslims were at war against the infidels. Islam divided the world into two sharply against each other standing camp: that of Islam, Dar al-Islam
, and the infidels, the was called Dar al-Harb . But
Dar al-Harb meansliterally "house of war."
jihad or holy war, as we have seen a fundamental duty of all Muslim rulers. Cease-fires were allowed, but never a lasting peace (see, eg, Koran 8:40 and 9:124). In the words of the medieval historian Robert Irwin: "As the jihad ... a state of permanent war [was], he concluded ... the possibility of a true peace, but he did ... temporary ceasefires ever by the requirements of the political situation." (Robert Irwin, "Islam and the Crusades: 1096-1699", in Jonathan Riley-Smith, editors, The Oxford History of the Crusades, Oxford 1995, p. 237 ff). And "The Muslim religious law could tolerate the formal closing of each kind of lasting peace with the unbelievers." (Ibid.)
Under such circumstances, it is obvious that if the Islamic forces were in a position of strength, almost everyone contact between them and the outside world was warlike. And this was not the war, it has been conducted between two kingdoms, empires or dynasties: This was total war, a war that did not distinguish between combatants and noncombatants, and a war that did not end. In this spirit, Islamic generals began during the seventh and eighth centuries attack to attack on the southern shores of Europe, and this "official" actions were complemented by hundreds, even thousands of smaller attacks, the significant less Muslim commanders, and even individuals have been carried out, for it was regarded as legitimate, that the Muslim Believers should live by the world of infidels. What could be made accessible to prey was sanctioned divine.
This signaled the arrival of Islam, a wave of banditry and piracy in the Mediterranean, as they had not seen since before the second century BC, as such activities by the Roman Sea power has been greatly reduced. In fact, it seems that these new Islamic piracy in scale and destructiveness far beyond anything it had previously given. We could, from the seventh and eighth centuries, and later lead to literally hundreds of cases of attacks in Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Sicily and Corsica, which were executed by Muslim pirates and slave traders. Neither the Western nor the Eastern Christians were safe, and Crete has long been the center of the Mediterranean slave trade, a dubious honor, which it retained until the island was the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas reconquered by around 956 (See John Julius Norwich, The Middle Sea ", p. 94). This cutthroat were limited, as it seems, not the conquest of cities and the capture of their inhabitants, but also plundered churches and monasteries, whose residents responded to the sword, or sold them into slavery. The whole Mediterranean, to the east and west, was now closed to trade, and in the West ... was the coast of the Gulf of Lyons and the Riviera to the mouth of the Tiber, ravaged by war and the [Muslim] Pirates, against the Christians, as they had no fleet, were powerless, now only a wilderness and a prey to piracy. The ports and the cities were deserted. The connection with the Orient was severed, and there was no communication with the coasts of the Saracens. There was nothing but death. "(Henri Pirenne, Mohammed and Charlemagne", S 184).
Byzantine dromon of the 10th Century, the tube that projects under the Bugplattform is a flame thrower who sprayed the Greek fire
I have a feeling that the history of Muslim piracy has never been written down appropriately. This is a major omission, as their impact on the history and development of Western civilization profound and even was crucial: Because it was the Muslim piracy, much more than military activities that led to the end of classical civilization in the West. This was the force that a finished once and for all the cultural and economic contacts between East and West and which, as Pirenne looked right, that gave birth to what we now call the Middle Ages. Regarding the situation this time, we could approve the verdict of a Dutch economic historian, who wrote: "One might say in modern parlance, that is now shared an iron curtain, the Mediterranean, and its coastal waters were once an economic whole formed." (BH Slicher van Bath).
- The looting and Sklavenjägerei that began in the seventh century, never came to an end really. She walked endlessly varying intensity until the beginning of the nineteenth century should not only devastating impact on trade but on the culture of any society that bordered the Mediterranean, and finally to the whole of European civilization. Both East and West would be devastated. Nor are the looting was limited to the sea and coastal regions. From the middle of the seventh century, Arab forces fought both at sea against Constantinople and by land through the center of Asia Minor. In the latter case, "not even or twice ', as Cyril Mango has noted, "but virtually every year ... almost two centuries" (Cyril Mango, Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome ", p. 25).. The consequences of this ongoing process, he writes, "you can imagine. A large part of Asia Minor was almost destroyed beyond repair and depopulated" And we imagine that we should not, as do some authors, that the revival of Europe during the eleventh century and the invasion of Teutonic fleet through the Mediterranean, the Muslim piracy - at least temporarily - to put an end. This was explicitly not the case. Large, heavily armed Fleets want to move safely through the Mediterranean, but for commercial vessels, it was something else entirely. Those who were alone or in small groups and easily defended drove, never certain. The Mediterranean remained until the early nineteenth century, a very dangerous place for the entire commercial shipping!
-
The impact of this incessant looting of the societies of southern Europe, that can be connected to the front of this unofficial and perpetual war, one can not imagine too hard. Large areas of the coastal countries of the Mediterranean Europe were deserted and uninhabitable. The only analogy that comes to mind for this is to imagine the impact on northern Europe, where the raids had taken the Vikings a thousand years! Those communities that survived were in particularly the most vulnerable regions such as southern Italy, southern Greece, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, etc. changed forever. The constant threat should produce an almost paranoid distrust of the outside world, plus a culture where violence was endemic and Vendetta.
- While the impact of Muslim piracy that is in the seventh century was crucial for the termination of the classical Civilization, it was in the fourteenth and fifteenth century be crucial here, the Europeans in search of safe travel routes to the Far East hinauszuzwingen the Atlantic Ocean. By blocking the Mediterranean, Europeans from the rich spice trade in the Indian room were locked. A short period of time long, the Mongols in the twelfth and thirteenth century the trade had opened to East Asia, at least over land routes, and the Europeans dreamed of a sea route that would bypass the Muslim territories and the Muslim pirates in the Mediterranean. First, they searched under Henry the Navigator [Infante Dom Henrique el Navigador, the fourth son of the Portuguese King John I] a way around the southern tip of Africa, and later, in Columbus studied, they have a fast route by sailing directly west. Columbus thought the Earth for much smaller than Eratosthenes had calculated, and imagined that China and India were approximately where, as we know today, America is.
- The Age of Discovery was thus triggered by the fact that we wanted to find a way to neutralize the threat of Muslim piracy. Nevertheless we had in this journey another, more military purpose and meaning. In his remarks to the English king and queen, Columbus made it clear that the discovery of a "short" route to China could open the possibility of an alliance against Islam. The main purpose of the planned expedition was, in the words of Louis Bertrand, "Islam from behind to attack and bring about an alliance with the Great Khan - a mythical figure from whom it was believed that he was the sovereign of the whole region and well-disposed towards the Christian religion "(Louis Bertrand," The History of Spain ", p. 163). Bertrand was very firm on this point, he stressed on half a dozen pages. The expedition was, as he says, a new phase in the crusade against the Moors, which continued on a new and safer route should be. About the Indian space should be a mortal blow to Islam added. "(Ibid.)
so sure Bertrand was the link between the actions of the conquistadors in the Americas and the war against Islam, that he actually as the conquest of America "last crusade" describes.
- The Act of the Conquistadores in the New World need not here be repeated: it is one of cruelty and greed in a truly monumental scale. Yet the habits of the Spaniards were here, habits that led to the "black legend," learned in school of Caliph. In Bertrand's words, "Lust for Gold, bloodthirsty rapacity, the feverish hunt for hidden treasures, and torture of the vanquished, to give them to wrest the secret of their hiding places - all this barbaric procedure, and all those vices, which the Conquistadores should bring to America, they learned in school of caliphs, emirs and Moorish kings. "(ibid. p. 159)
"The worst character trait, which acquired the Spaniard was the parasitism of the nomadic Arabs and Africans: the custom of to live his neighbor's territory, the raid was made into an institution and were looting and predation recognized as the only living for the warrior. In the same way as there was a tendency to win their bread in Moorish territory, the Spaniards made later from winning gold and territories in Mexico and Peru. "
" you are advised to introduce the barbaric summary practices of the Arabs : lay waste to entrust everything to the fire and sword to make, fruit trees, lay waste, harvesting, whole areas, to starve out the enemy in order to get him to back down, across to make slaves, and the population to condemn the conquered countries for forced labor. All of these detestable practices the conquistadors learned from the Arabs. "
" For several centuries, is considered the slavery in Christian Spain in the Islamic countries. Almost certainly, it was the Arabs, which the Spaniards owed the intransigence of their fanaticism, the presumption, if not already God's chosen one, then at least the most Catholic nation in the Christian. As Abd al-Rahman and El Mansour, Philip II of the defenders of the faith. "
" Finally, it was not without infection, that the Spaniards lived for centuries in contact with a race of people, their enemies crucified and enjoyed it to stack thousands of severed heads as trophies. The cruelty of the Arabs and Berbers also founded on the [Iberian] peninsula a school. The viciousness of the emirs and caliphs who personally killed their brothers or sons, should be passed on from Trastamare, shrikes those under canvas, which were no better than ordinary murderers. "(Ibid., 160) to Pedro the Cruel and Henry
One of the built by the Genoese watchtowers along the east coast of Corsica against the Saracens
I have read this some time ago, and it occurred to me immediately. I'm sorry if it's too long, but it seems to fit well with the theme. Baepler, Paul Michel: "The Barbary Captivity Narrative in American Culture", Early American Literature, Volume 39, No. 2, 2004, p. 217-246:
"Especially Italian coastal villages were attacked, and many seaside villages were depopulated, finally." "... Davis concluded that between 1 and 1.25 million ended up in captivity." [... ..] "In the absence of written records, such as customs forms, he developed a new methodology to calculate the number of white Christians who were enslaved along Africa's Barbary Coast."
[... ..]
"It turned turns out that about a quarter of the slaves had to be replaced every year to keep the slave population stable. This meant that about 8,500 new slaves had to be caught each year. Overall, this fact can conclude that, the number of slaves 1530-1780 in the range of 1 to 1.25 million. "
" 'One of the things both the public and many scholars as inclined to accept given is that slavery was always racial in nature. But that's not true. We can not imagine slavery as something that only whites did to blacks, 'Davis said. "
In the period studied the Davis, it was as much religion as race and ethnicity that determined who became slaves.
According to the historian of slavery in North Africa is largely ignored or trivialized, because the scholars are preferred, the Europeans as "evil colonialists" to treat rather than as victims. In fact, countries such as France and Spain who are victims of slavery were later, the areas in North Africa to colonize, in which their citizens were once held captive.
Zenster
:
Over the last five years I have come in my capacity as co-carrier of information about the Muslim world, meaning that I consider Islam as the incarnation of the destroyer.
The perception of Islam as a destroyer was forever cemented in my mind as I embark on those airliners into the World Trade Center saw.
Like any other destroyer of Islam can be lowered with a few well-aimed torpedoes. The only alternative is its decks of all crew members . Leerzufegen I continue to stay here that the exclusion would prevent the machine from the destroyer (the financial, clerical, political and scholastic) the need to send it with the entire team on the ground. to enter The anxiety of the western politicians, who has allowed the destroyers, unhindered in our ports is criminal. The Islamic slave-hunters have returned with a vengeance, and the Western leadership is so busy trying to flog for a few centuries of slavery, that no one can be made to understand that Islam in all its fourteen hundred year history ALWAYS based on slavery.
Consider this simple fact: One of the last nations on earth, which prohibited slavery, was ... Wait ...
SAUDI ARABIA in 1962.
moment I have not the time to comment on this superb article in detail, and I will try to do that later today. But it is clear that one can trace a lot of the most deep-seated cultural, economic and sociological suffering of southern Europe and the Mediterranean to the Islamic piracy.
Why am I not surprised?
wild iris
:
Baron, reading your essay has evoked some fond memories. Many decades ago, when I did my compulsory course in U.S. history, I was lucky, a specialist in maritime history to have as a professor. He began the course by having the effect of Muslim piracy on trade in the Mediterranean and as the driving force was that the Europeans encouraged them to begin the search for an alternative route to the East. Back in the late 60s, when the anti-war protests were in full swing, it was quite an eye opener for a young person like me. would
There is an important corollary to the history of the Muslim pirates, I might add. Throughout history, Islam has never produced anything Own. Again and again, turns out on closer inspection, that any cultural performance, which has claimed that Islam in itself, a product of culture, was the defeating of Islam, or of nations, which he had occupied, and never the product of the Arab conquerors
Islam itself is a parasitic culture. But every parasite needs a host, what then was the "host" of which lived Islam? The B-side of your essays is to find the answer.
The one and only reason that Islam has any cultural history, derives from the fact that he was the Trade routes was that connected the East with the West, and for centuries the richness and cultural infusions from outside living, which led the presence of those trade routes into it. It is no coincidence that the cultural decline of the Islamic world, beginning in the 16th and 17 Century, with the opening of the deep-sea trade routes in the New World and the Far East and with the gradual drying up of trade routes began that crossed the Islamic Middle East. And it is no coincidence that the resurgence of Islam coincides in this century with the discovery of oil and the fresh infusion of wealth in this region, then these dormant parasite culture Islam has been brought back to life. Without this fateful whim of geography, which placed the Arab world in the middle of the historic trade routes from East to West, it would Islam then died along with Mohammed in that Jewish Wüstenkaff Yathrib, which is now known as Medina. * * *
By John J. O'Neill previously appeared here:
Islam and the Dark Age of Byzantium
Comments (3)
This idea we had at that time also in "Eight of Swords discussed (I think that was the comment line to the Fjordman article on the creation of a movement . indigenous Europeans addendum at 22:08 clock: the was not the above line, but the one to "How to undermine the Muslim Brotherhood to the West" (also from Fjordman).
But I have set out 8DS Blog nostalgia for most of the discussion strand to the original publication of the "indigenous Europeans" essays in the comment line for the same items from us here - let me know times, whether you like such as capos.